montage - create a composite image by combining several separate images
 

Synopsis

Description

Examples

Options

X Resources

Environment

Configuration File

Acknowledgement

Authors

Copyright

montage [ options ...] file [ [ options ...] file ...] output_file
 

montage creates a composite image by combining several separate images. The images are tiled on the composite image with the name of the image optionally appearing just below the individual tile.

The composite image is constructed in the following manner. First, each image specified on the command line, except for the last, is scaled to fit the maximum tile size. The maximum tile size by default is 120x120. It can be modified with the -geometry command line argument or X resource. See Options for more information on command line arguments. See X(1) for more information on X resources. Note that the maximum tile size need not be a square.

Next the composite image is initialized with the color specified by the -background command line argument or X resource. The width and height of the composite image is determined by the title specified, the maximum tile size, the number of tiles per row, the tile border width and height, the image border width, and the label height. The number of tiles per row specifies how many images are to appear in each row of the composite image. The default is to have 6 tiles in each row and 4 tiles in each column of the composite. A specific value is specified with -tile. The tile border width and height, and the image border width defaults to the value of the X resource -borderwidth. It can be changed with the -borderwidth or -geometry command line argument or X resource. The label height is determined by the font you specify with the -font command line argument or X resource. If you do not specify a font, a font is chosen that allows the name of the image to fit the maximum width of a tiled area. The label colors is determined by the -background and -fill command line argument or X resource. Note, that if the background and pen colors are the same, labels will not appear.

Initially, the composite image title is placed at the top if one is specified (refer to -fill). Next, each image is set onto the composite image, surrounded by its border color, with its name centered just below it. The individual images are left-justified within the width of the tiled area. The order of the images is the same as they appear on the command line unless the images have a scene keyword. If a scene number is specified in each image, then the images are tiled onto the composite in the order of their scene number. Finally, the last argument on the command line is the name assigned to the composite image. By default, the image is written in the MIFF format and can be viewed or printed with display(1).
 

Note, that if the number of tiles exceeds the default number of 20 (6 per row, 4 per column), more than one composite image is created. To ensure a single image is produced, use -tile to increase the number of tiles to meet or exceed the number of input images.

Finally, to create one or more empty spaces in the sequence of tiles, use the "NULL:" image format.

Note, a composite MIFF image displayed to an X server with display behaves differently than other images. You can think of the composite as a visual image directory. Choose a particular tile of the composite and press a button to display it. See display(1) and miff(5)

To create a montage of a cockatoo, a parrot, and a hummingbird and write it to a file called birds, use:

    montage cockatoo.miff parrot.miff hummingbird.miff birds.miff

To tile several bird images so that they are at most 256 pixels in width and 192 pixels in height, surrounded by a red border, and separated by 10 pixels of background color, use:

    montage -geometry 256x192+10+10 -bordercolor red birds.* montage.miff

To create an unlabeled parrot image, 640 by 480 pixels, and surrounded by a border of black, use:

    montage -geometry 640x480 -bordercolor black -label "" parrot.miff
bird.miff

To create an image of an eagle with a textured background, use:

    montage -texture bumps.jpg eagle.jpg eagle.png

To join several GIF images together without any extraneous graphics (e.g. no label, no shadowing, no surrounding tile frame), use:

    montage +frame +shadow +label -tile 5x1 -geometry 50x50+0+0 *.png joined.png

Any option you specify on the command line remains in effect for the group of images following it, until the group is terminated by the appearance of any option or -noop. For example, to make a montage of three images, the first with 32 colors, the second with an unlimited number of colors, and the third with only 16 colors, use:
 

     montage -colors 32 cockatoo.1 -noop cockatoo.2 -colors 16 cockatoo.3
cockatoos.miff

For a more detailed description of each option, see Options, above. ImageMagick(1).
 

-adjoin

-authenticate <string>

-background <color>

-blue-primary <x>,<y>

-blur <radius>{x<sigma>}

-bordercolor <color>

-borderwidth <geometry>

-cache <threshold>

-chop <width>x<height>{+-}<x>{+-} <y>{%}

-colors <value>

-colorspace <value>

-comment <string>

-compose <operator>

-compress <type>

-crop <width>x<height>{+-}<x>{+-} <y>{%}

-debug <events>

-define <key>{=<value>},...

-delete <index>

-density <width>x<height>

-depth <value>

-display <host:display[.screen]>

-dispose <method>

-dither

-draw <string>

-encoding <type>

-endian <type>

-fill <color>

-filter <type>

-font <name>

-frame <width>x<height>+<outer bevel width>+<inner bevel width>

-gamma <value>

-geometry <width>x<height>{+-}<x>{+-} <y>{%}{@} {!}{<}{>}

-gravity <type>

-green-primary <x>,<y>

-help

-insert <index>

-interlace <type>

-label <name>

-limit <type> <value>

-log <string>

-matte

-mattecolor <color>

-mode <value>

-monochrome

-page <width>x<height>{+-}<x>{+-} <y>{%}{!}{<}{>}

-pen <color>

-pointsize <value>

-profile <filename>

-quality <value>

-radial-blur angle

-red-primary <x>,<y>

-render

-resize <width>x<height>{%}{@}{!}{ <}{>}

-rotate <degrees>{<}{>}

-sampling-factor <horizontal_factor>x<vertical_factor>

-scenes <value-value>

-shadow <radius>{x<sigma>}

-sharpen <radius>{x<sigma>}

-size <width>x<height>{+offset}

-strip

-stroke <color>

-strokewidth <value>

-swap <index,index>

-texture <filename>

-thumbnail <width>x<height>{%}{@}{!}{ <}{>}

-tile <geometry>

-title <string>

-transparent <color>

-treedepth <value>

-trim

-type <type>

-verbose

-version

-white-point <x>,<y>

For a more detailed description of each option, see Options, above. ImageMagick(1).
 

Montage options can appear on the command line or in your X resource file. Options on the command line supersede values specified in your X resource file. See X(1) for more information on X resources.

All montage options have a corresponding X resource. In addition, montage uses the following X resources:

background (class Background)

Specifies the preferred color to use for the composite image background. The default is #ccc.

borderColor (class BorderColor)

Specifies the preferred color to use for the composite image border. The default is #ccc.

borderWidth (class BorderWidth)

Specifies the width in pixels of the composite image border. The default is 2.

font (class Font)

Specifies the name of the preferred font to use when displaying text within the composite image. The default is 9x15, fixed, or 5x8 determined by the composite image size.

matteColor (class MatteColor)

Specify the color of an image frame. A 3D effect is achieved by using highlight and shadow colors derived from this color. The default value is #697B8F.

pen (class Pen)

Specifies the preferred color to use for text within the composite image. The default is black.

title (class Title)

This resource specifies the title to be placed at the top of the composite image. The default is not to place a title at the top of the composite image.

ImageMagick uses a number of XML format configuration files:

colors.mgk

  <?xml version="1.0"?>
  <colormap>
    <color name="AliceBlue" red="240" green="248" blue="255"
           compliance="SVG, X11, XPM" />
  </colormap>

delegates.mgk

log.mgk

  <?xml version="1.0"?>
  <magicklog>
    <log events="None" />
    <log output="stdout" />
    <log filename="Magick-%d.log" />
    <log generations="3" />
    <log limit="2000" />
    <log format="%t %r %u %p %m/%f/%l/%d:\n  %e"  />
  </magicklog>

magic.mgk

  <?xml version="1.0"?>
  <magicmap>
    <magic name="AVI" offset="0" target="RIFF" />
  </magicmap>

coder.mgk

  <?xml version="1.0"?>
  <modulemap>
    <module magick="8BIM" name="META" />
  </modulemap>

type.mgk

  <?xml version="1.0"?>
  <typemap>
    <include file="type-windows.mgk" />
    <type
      name="AvantGarde-Book"
      fullname="AvantGarde Book"
      family="AvantGarde"
      foundry="URW"
      weight="400"
      style="normal"
      stretch="normal"
      format="type1"
      metrics="/usr/local/share/ghostscript/fonts/a010013l.afm"
      glyphs="/usr/local/share/ghostscript/fonts/a010013l.pfb"
    />
  </typemap>

The MIT X Consortium for making network transparent graphics a reality.
 

Michael Halle, Spatial Imaging Group at MIT, for the initial implementation of Alan Paeth's image rotation algorithm.
 

David Pensak, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, for providing a computing environment that made this program possible.
 

Peder Langlo, Hewlett Packard, Norway, made hundreds of suggestions and bug reports. Without Peder, this software would not be nearly as useful as it is today.

Rod Bogart and John W. Peterson, University of Utah. Image compositing is loosely based on rlecomp of the Utah Raster Toolkit.

Paul Heckbert, Carnegie Mellon University. Image resizing is based on his Zoom program.

Paul Raveling, USC Information Sciences Institute. The spatial subdivision color reduction algorithm is based on his Img software.

Copyright (C) 1999-2004 ImageMagick Studio LLC. Additional copyrights and licenses apply to this software, see http://www.imagemagick.org/www/Copyright.html